This lecture dedicated to a unique disease of rice that is bacterial leaf blight of rice. The pathogenicity of bacterial leaf blight has confirmed that the causal bacterium is xanthomonas oryzae pv. Management of bacterial leaf blight of rice agropedia. Pyramiding of three bacterial blight resistance genes.
Biological control of rice bacterial blight by plantassociated bacteria producing 2,4diacetylphloroglucinol palaniyandi velusamy, j. On the basis of mean lesion length at 15 days after inoculation, seven cultivars showed resistance, 4 moderately resistance, 6 moderately susceptible and 17 cultivars were susceptible to bacterial leaf blight. Bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak are the two most damaging bacterial diseases of rice. In order to effectively control rice with bacterial leaf blight, it is important to understand what it is, including symptoms and conditions that foster the disease. Reclassification of the causal agents of bacterial blight. B the length of lesions on the fifth leaf blades at 14 d after inoculation with xoo. Blb disease in paddy crop and its occurrence was observed in severe. Submitted by naipictuasdharwad on tue, 28072009 10. Introduction to bacterial leaf blight disease of rice 2. Bacterial leaf blight symptoms develop on the uppermost leaves after plants reach the boot stage.
Bacterial leaf blight of rice is one of the most caustic diseases of rice throughout the world. It was first noticed by the farmers in fukuoka prefecture kyushu island, japan, as early as in 188485. The bacterial leaf blight disease of rice was first observed in the latter part of the last century in various localities of southern japan. Recovery plan for xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice june 4, 20 contents page executive summary 2 contributors 4 i. Bacterial blight pseudomonas savastanoi of soybeans is typically an early season disease, which over winters in the field on plant residue. An overview of epidemiology and management with special reference toindiansubcontinent find. Diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens constantly threaten the rice production and lead to enormous yield losses. Seedlings in the nursery show circular, yellow spots in the margin, that enlarge, coalesce leading to drying of foliage. Bacterial blight disease, caused by xanthomonas oryzaepv. Pdf screening of rice cultures for higher iron and zinc. Metabolomic profiling of bacterial leaf blight in rice. Comprehensive studies were performed on the etiology, epidemiology and.
Initial infection of soybeans occurs when wind or splashing water droplets from plant residue on the soil surface to the leaves carry bacterial cells. Rice phyllosphere actinomycetes as biocontrol agent of bacterial leaf blight disease on rice 1noor andryan ilsan, 2abdjad asih nawangsih and 1aris tri wahyudi 1graduate school, departement of biology, faculty of mathematics and natural science, bogor agricultural university, darmaga, bogor 16680, west java, indonesia. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic bacteria for biocontrol of blb and to increase the. Pdf investigation of bacterial leaf blight of rice through various. One of the most serious bacterial diseases of rice in africa and asia is bacterial leaf blight blb caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. On the other hand, blast was detected in its late stage, more than 75% of leaf area are affected. Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes in. Pdf forty bacterial endophytes were isolated from different plant sources and tested for their efficacy against xanthomonas oryza pv. Pdf management of bacterial leaf blight disease in rice with.
Prospect of using bacterial bioformulation to suppress bacterial leaf blight of rice. In current investigation, the rice leaf samples from infested regions were screened for xoo strains linked to incidence of this disease. The rice xa21 locus determines geneforgene type resistance to a bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Remove weed hosts and plow under rice stubble, straw which can serve as hosts of bacteria. Magnaporthe grisea, also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, and johnson spot, is a plantpathogenic fungus that causes a serious disease affecting rice. In severe epidemics, crop loss may be as high as 75 percent, and millions. Dowson that is known to have occurred fre quently since the latter part. Materials and methods incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight of rice in pakistan three comprehensive surveys of all rice growing zones of pakistan were conducted at the mature grain stage of. Historical background and geographical distribution of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice 3. Recently, it has also been reported from east africa. Rice phyllosphere actinomycetes as biocontrol agent of. Plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial leaf.
Lesions consist of elongated lesions near the leaf tip or margin and start as water soaked in appearance. Blight is the sudden death of plant affected tissues due to extensive necrosis in that area results in scorched or burnt appearance. Antagonistic potential of different bioagents against bacterial leaf blight of rice has been reported by several workers. These two diseases are holding back the intensification of rice production in the country. Teng f dloresearch institute for agrobioiogy and soil fertiliv abdlo. Mansfield 1 biotechnology division, bangladesh rice research institute, gazipur1701, bangladesh key words. Severe epidemics recorded in 1979 and 1980 in northwestern india, reducing the grain yields drastically. However, the variety is highly susceptible to bacterial blight bb disease. Bacterial leaf blight blb is a vascular disease caused by xanthomonas oryzae. Field crops research elsevier field crops research 5 1 1997 i i3 i3 i rice bacterial leaf blight. Pdf management of bacterial leaf blight disease in rice. Irri online resource for rice blast and bacterial leaf blight.
Plant diseases caused by bacteria narratives bacterial blight of rice xanthomonas oryzae pv. Diagnosis of common diseases of rice home irri rice. It is most likely to develop in areas that have weeds and stubbles of infected. Pdf on apr 1, 2019, syed atif hasan naqvi and others published bacterial leaf blight of rice. Bacterial leaf blight blb is an economically important disease of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. The fifth leaf blades were photographed 14 d after inoculation with xoo. The infection soon extends along one or both margins, sometimes to the leaf sheath. Lincoln mandal1, sunil kumar verma2, saugata sasmal3 and jawahar lal katara4 1department of agriculture and biotechnology, cg, india 2department of genetics and plant breeding, cars, india 3krishi vigyan kendra, igkv, india. Bacterial leaf blight is caused by the bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Even if the disease comes late it can still cause a reduction in quality of the grain by making it black and brittle, even though the loss in yield is small. Bacterial blight quantitative resistance in rice oryza.
May 31, 2015 jalmagna is a popular deepwater rice variety with farmers of india because of its good yield under waterlogged condition. Management of bacterial leaf blight disease of paddy oryza sativa. This study illustrates the potential use of hyperspectral data in detecting tungro disease, bacterial leaf blight blb, and blast in rice. Basmati rice varieties grown in the are influenced by various diseases.
Modeling of bacterial leaf blight disease assessment and. Bacterial blight, a serious threat to productivity of rice oryza sativa l. The effects and mechanisms of paenibacillus polymyxa sx3 on growth promotion and the suppression of bacterial leaf blight in rice were evaluated in this study. Screening of rice varieties for resistance to bacterial leaf. We greatly appreciate the financial support from the rice farmers of arkansas through the rice checkoff administered by the arkansas rice research and promotion board. Biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice and profiling. Epidemiology and control of bacterial leaf blight of rice. Bacterial blight bb and bacterial leaf streak bls, caused respectively by gramnegative bacteria xanthomonas oryzae pv. Relationship of bacterial leaf blight severity to grain yield of rice. Rice bacterial blight, also called bacterial blight of rice, deadly bacterial disease that is among the most destructive afflictions of cultivated rice oryza sativa and o. Introduction rice is one of the most important staple food of over half of the worlds population and about 90% of the world rice is grown and consumed in asian continent 1.
Screening of rice varieties for resistance to bacterial leaf blight 3743 bacterial leaf blight in most of ricegrowing ecozones of togo with high incidence and severity, and the virulence of the pathogen was determined kadai, 2010. Screening of rice varieties for resistance to bacterial leaf blight 3743 bacterial leaf blight in most of rice growing ecozones of togo with high incidence and severity, and the virulence of the pathogen was determined kadai, 2010. This lecture based on following heads history symptom etiology and disease cycle. Resistance genes and their interactions with bacterial. Bacterial blight, a serious threat to productivity of rice. The disease was first observed in 188485 in kyushu, japan, and the causal agent, the. Introduction b acterial leaf blight of rice is among the most devastating pathosystem of rice in nearly all the rice growing localities in tropical and temperate regions especially in asian countries. Kresek symptom is seen in seedlings, 12 weeks after transplanting. Feb 01, 2014 watersoaked to yellowish stripes on leaf blades or starting at leaf tips then later increase in length and width with a wavy margin 2.
Bacterial blight quantitative resistance in rice oryza sativa l. The lesions run parallel along the leaf and when they join together may cover the whole leaf. Yield loss due to bacterial blight can be as much as 70% when susceptible varieties are grown, in environments favorable to the disease. Rice oryza sativa and related rice species oryza australiensis, oryza coarctata, oryza jeyporensis, oryza malampuzhaensis, oryza officinalis, oryza perennis, and oryza rufipogon. Mar 31, 2017 bacterial leaf blight of rice xanthomonas oryzae pv. Pathogenicity tests, transgenic rice abstract a simple and reliable. Bacterial leaf blight, rice genotypes, screening, disease resistance. The development of resistant cultivars has been the most effective and economical strategy to control the disease under deepwater situation.
Bacterial leaf blight blb is a vascular disease caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Use of chemicals is an important part of plant disease management. A total of 811 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and screened against 3 prevalent strains of blb pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. The initial lesions are small, ellipsoid or ovoid, and greenishgray photo. In addition, bacteriological tests showed that sx3 was able to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, indicating that various mechanisms may be involved in the growth promotion by sx3. The antibacterial properties of two kinds of chitosan with different molecular weights and degrees of n. Psb rc82 is the standard variety of rice used in southeast asia, and the use of this cultivar enables the harvest of an estimated 0.
There is a need to use environmentally safe approaches to overcome the loss of grain yield in rice due to this disease. Evaluation of rice genotypes resistance to bacterial leaf. Waghmode and others published screening of rice cultures for higher iron and zinc content in brown and polished rice. Distribution except for maharashtra, where the endemic area was estimated to be about 0. Unfortunately, its production is reduced by many biotic constrains among which bacterial leaf blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Blb is one of the oldest recorded rice diseases and has been problematic for over a century. Symptoms the lesions are usually observed on the leaf sheaths although leaf blades may also be affected. For combating the disease, the most effective and economical measure is exploitation of host plant resistance. Focus on bacterial blight of rice bacterial blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas or pw. The earliest symptom of the blight phase is the appearance of dull greenish watersoaked or yellowish spots 510 mm in length on the leaf towards the tip or margins, leading to tip and marginal dying. Bacterial discharge appears on young lesion early in the morning that looks like a milky dewdrop. The leaf blight symptoms appeared as yellow to white watersoaked stripes along the margins of the infected leaves. Xa21 was isolated by positional cloning and shown to encode an rk of 1025 amino acids with 23 imperfect lrr copies and a functional serine.
On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, xanthomonas oryzae ex ishiyama 1922 sp. Pdf bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Blb was first observed in various parts of southern japan in the late twentieth century, and was later reported to be of economic importance in many other countries of asia. In surveyed areas, rice plants with typical blb symptoms viz.
Resistance of rice plant to bacterial leaf blight and. Pecky rice kernel spotting damage by bacteria see also under fungal and miscellaneous diseases sheath brown rot pseudomonas. Relationship of bacterial leaf blight severity to grain. In the quest for increasing rice production, man has resorted to intensive methods of rice cultivation involving highyielding susceptible cultivars with reduced genetic variability, higher plant population per unit area, high doses of nitrogenous fertilizers and staggered sowing and planting which intensified the severity of bacterial blight rice in most of the asian countries. The disease is extremely serious worldwide and has emerged as a. Cultural, morphological, biochemical and pathogenic variability 7. Involvement of osjaz8 in jasmonateinduced resistance to. Rice bacterial blight and citrus canker the biology notes. What is rice bacterial leaf blight learn about bacterial. Jasmonic acid ja confers resistance to bacterial blight in rice. Bacterial leaf blight of rice africa soil health consortium. We also wish to thank the entire staff and administration of the rice research and extension center, universityof arkansas system division. The earlier the disease occurs, the higher the yield loss.
Current status and future prospects of research on. Certain plantassociated strains of fluorescent pseudomonas spp. The results from a plate assay indicated that sx3 inhibited the growth of 20 strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. Materials and methods incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight of rice in pakistan three comprehensive surveys of all rice growing zones of pakistan were conducted at the mature grain stage of the crop during 20052007, on annual basis. Introduction rice is one of the most widely cultivated food crop grown world over. Bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases of rice. The endophytes treated rice plots registered a significantly lower intensity of bacterial leaf blight 2. Bacterial leaf blight of rice kills seedlings and destroys the leaves of older plants. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationship between epidemics ie, initiated after flowering had no measurable effect on grain severity of bacterial leaf blight blb on rice and on yields. Frontiers biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice and. Xoo spreads rapidly from rice plant to rice plant and from field to field in water droplets. Bacterial blight is a monsoon disease and its incidence and severity is very much influenced by rainfall, number of rainy days, and susceptibility of the cultivar and nitrogen fertilizer application. The addition of a penetrating surfactant did not affect the severity of bacterial leaf blight and had little effect on the number of thrips per leaf.
A n overview of epidemiolog y and management with special reference to indian subcontinent. This disease is widely prevalent among various rice varieties worldwide singh et al. Bacterial blight bb of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Bacterial blight causes wilting of seedlings and yellowing and drying of leaves. Development of plantbased emulsion formulations to. Rice seedling experiments indicated that sx3 promoted plant growth and suppressed bacterial leaf blight. Besides the economic importance of the disease, the rice xoo system serves as an excellent model for studying hostpathogen interactions because the genomes of both interacting partners are sequenced and there is considerable genetic variation in the. Antibacterial activity of two chitosan solutions and their. In severe epidemics, crop loss may be as high as 75 percent, and millions of hectares of rice are infected annually. Management of bacterial leaf blight is most commonly done by planting disease resistant rice plants. Rice diseases, their biology and selective management practices, plant pathology channel. What is bacterial leaf blight of rice, symptom,etiology,d.
The disease is extremely serious worldwide and has emerged as a major problem in irrigated crops in the sahel. The most important bacterial pathogen of rice is xanthomonas oryzae pv. Screening of rice varieties for resistance to bacterial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rice rhizosphere associated antagonistic bacteria for growth promotion and disease suppression of bacterial leaf blight blb. Jul 30, 2017 bacterial leaf blight of rice is one of the most caustic diseases of rice throughout the world. Bacterial leaf blight of rice an infected leaf has yellow watersoaked lesions at the margin of its leaf blade. Bacterial leaf blight in rice is a serious disease of cultivated rice that, at its peak, can cause losses of up to 75%. Pakistani basmati rice is well known for its specific aroma. However, few bactericidal chemicals are available for controlling both diseases. Kresek is a strong systemic infection in which leaves.
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